God indeed found a
man whose faith and humility begins the process of "recreating" the creation
which evil had so far undone or "decreated." With Abram, the man of
faith, begins the story of "recreation" or "salvation." With him, we leave
the protohistorical stories behind and a great deal of their symbolism to
enter the "patriarchal" period of the history of our salvation. In fact,
the whole remarkable history of Judeo-Christian revelation truly begins
with Abram, a semi nomad from Ur of the Chaldeans.
In the first period of biblical literature (Protohistory)
we are met with both fact and symbol. The historical fact of creation, the
first sin, nomadic blood vengeance, a flood and a ruined ziggurat were
taken up as symbols to communicate moral and spiritual truths. With
Abram, we walk out of the literature of historical metaphors and into a
more historical kind of literature- one that can find its counterpart in
the archaeology and the real customs of the ancient world of about 2,000
BC.
All cultures seem to have their "folk" history, stories
told of the founding personalities who helped shape a great destiny.
This is the type of literature we find about Abraham, Isaac and Jacob- the
"Patriarchs" of Israel. Women play an indispensable and positive role
in this folk history. Just as there are the ancient, founding fathers
(Patriarchs) so are there ancient, founding mothers (Matriarchs). Revelation
begins with all them.
SOME PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
There are some points of order before we begin, lest we
be led into all kinds of misguided conclusions.
First and foremost, when the Bible speaks of Abram's "faith,"
it is not talking about an intellectual assent to the idea that God exists.
The modern idea of faith is often reduced to a "belief" or a creed,
a kind of intellectual "assent "or agreement to certain ideas and principles.
We think that someone who believes in God is a person of faith, but
that is not the biblical idea of faith. In the language of
both the "Old" and the New Testaments, the word for faith is also the word
for trust. There is no room in the language of the Bible for the
kind of modern "faith" in which a person believes certain things, but acts
as if he doesn't believe it or trust it. One could not go to church on Sunday
and then act as if God doesn't exist the rest of the week by taking on the
anti-God values of our culture. The hebrew word ( 'Aman)
means faith and trust. Abram became "Abraham" not simply because
he believed in God, but because he trusted God - even if it meant sacrificing
his only son, whom he loved. "Trust" in God becomes an important theme
through the whole of the Old Testament literature.
Secondly, we have to understand that "revelation" (to
pull back the veil) is a gradual process. It is a unveiling
process which takes thousands of years of historical interaction with
God and painfully honest reflection. The metaphor I like to use with
respect to this is the historical example of Helen Keller. A disease
robbed her of her hearing and sight early in life. Cut off from the
world of her loving parents, she regressed to an almost animalistic state,
until Anne Sullivan came into her life and began revealing the reality of
an outside world. With the help of her teacher, Helen Keller,
a deaf mute, went on to become a college graduate and famous writer.
This is similar to humanity's situation after the fall. Cut off from
God, the memory of an orderly, peaceful existence and the reality of a connection
with a loving God disappeared and gave way to a chaotic, violent,
animalistic existence. God began breaking through all of this with Abram
and Sarah, covenanting them and their descendants. But this process is gradual.
As Catholics this process begins with Abraham and ends with the death of
the last apostle. Jesus is the final and best revelation of God, because
he is God in the flesh. But, we cannot expect Abraham to act as if he knows
what you and I know of God. We have the benefit of over 2,000 years
of revealed truth and 2,000 more years of reflection upon that truth by great
thinkers. In contrast to this, Abraham lived at least
600 years before the Ten Commandments! We do not see perfect
people in the Bible. Abraham tells half-truths, sleeps with Hagar,
believes that God would ask him to sacrifice Isaac; he lives in a world
without commandments - a semi nomadic world in which the law of hospitality
and the law of blood vengeance are upper most.
Thirdly, much of the Bible is descriptive and not proscriptive.
The behavior of the people of the Bible are neither condemned nor recommended
(proscriptive). Abraham, for example, sleeps with Hagar, marries
his half sister, Sarah, and deceives pharaoh. The Biblical writer
simply reports this without comment. It is important that we don't think
that because "it happened in the Bible" that it is O.K.. What we CAN
gain from this is that God's plan will be worked out, even though the people
he works with are from perfect. Because of their trust, God will find a way
to make things work out. He is able to "write straight with crooked
lines." Ishmael (God-has-heard) is born of Hagar and expelled because of
rivalry, but God uses this crooked line to make him the father
of the Arab peoples.
Finally, Often the Biblical writer does not distinguish
between God's primary will ( what God directly wants) and his secondary will
(what he allows). We will see this particularly in the
story of Moses and the Exodus. God, it will say, "hardens" pharaoh's
heart, but what is actually being said is that although pharaoh was stubborn,
God was ultimately in control because He allowed it to be so.
As we journey with the patriarchs, we must keep all of
this in mind, or we will be left in the dust of their donkeys scratching our
heads, "What was THAT about?"