History of Telecommunications

NMC 320

Fall 2007

3 credits

 

Instructor:  Dr. William E. Loges

Oak Creek Bldg., Room 218

(541) 737-9855

Office Hours: Tuesday, 10:30-noon, Thursday, 3:30-5 PM, and by appointment

e-mail: bill.loges@oregonstate.edu

 

These are the days of lasers in the jungle, lasers in the jungle somewhere.

Staccato signals of constant information, a loose affiliation of millionaires and billionaires.

These are the days of miracle and wonder; this is a long distance call.

The way the camera follows us in slo-mo, the way we look to us all.

            -Paul Simon, “The Boy in the Bubble”

 

Introduction

My aim is for you to leave this class in December with a greater appreciation of how these “days of lasers in the jungle” are the result of days when such devices were unheard of.  The corporations, policies, entertainments, and controversies that are central to the communication industry today are very familiar to students of history.  Mergers of corporate giants, the politics of regulation and deregulation, the discovery of new ways to amuse ourselves, and the concern that our entertainments are mere perversions all have historical precedents.

 

These trends did not develop in a social or political vacuum.  As the history of telecommunications was unfolding, it intersected with the rest of social and cultural life. You should enter this class with some familiarity with that broader history, and leave the class with a new context in which to understand it.  If you are uncomfortable with your knowledge of basic 19th and 20th century history, see me.  I can recommend a couple of good ways to get yourself up to date relatively painlessly.

 

This class (and the textbook we will use) will cover the following:  (1) technological developments, (2) economic and corporate developments, (3) legal and political developments, (4) artistic developments, and (5) social developments.  One or more of these areas might interest you more than the others.  That’s OK.  I hope to offer you opportunities during the term to recognize intersections between the things that interest you and things you hadn’t considered relevant before.

The Textbook

 

Sterling, C.H., Bernt, P.W., & Weiss, M.B.H. (2006). Shaping American Telecommunications: A History of Technology, Policy, and Economics. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

 

This book is available in the bookstore and is required reading. Additional short articles may be given to you in class from time to time. The required textbook focuses on technologies derived from the telegraph, such as the telephone, Internet, and related services. In other words, it has little to say about broadcasting.

 

Students in New Media Communications are expected to own a copy of The New Media Reader. Selections from that book are also required, notably in weeks 8 and 10 of the course.

 

A book that I recommend (but don’t require) that offers a well-written history of American broadcasting is Tube of Plenty by Erik Barnouw.

What is Expected of You

 

NMC 101 is a prerequisite for this course.

 

Some basic expectations: (1) You will attend class.  (2) You will participate in the class.  Attendance is not the same as participation. Read the book. Ask questions, and answer questions that I pose to the class. Let me know your opinion about the book, the lecture, the assignments, and anything else. You’ll sure hear plenty of my opinions about these things. It’s only fair that I know yours. (3) There will be frequent quizzes during the semester. They will consist of multiple choice and true/false questions.

The Quizzes

The quizzes will start at 8:30 promptly, and will take 25 minutes or so to complete.  You may not retake or make up a quiz.  If you miss one you’ve failed it, and that’s all there is to it.  Since no single quiz is worth a large part of your grade, missing one can’t hurt you that much.  Missing a lot of them will hurt a lot.

 

The quizzes will cover material in the reading and lecture.  Before each quiz I will ask if there are any questions about any subject at all.  If you have no questions about what you’ve read, I presume that you are prepared to be tested on it.

 

The final exam is cumulative, and will consist of many of the questions from past quizzes plus new items about the latest material we’ve covered in the class.

 

Bring a pencil to all quizzes and to the final exam.

 

To fully understand student conduct expectations, please visit this link: http://oregonstate.edu/admin/stucon/achon.htm

 

Your Grade

Your grade will be calculated as follows:

            Quizzes:          75% (each quiz is worth 12.5% of your grade)

            Final Exam      25%

 

Accommodations are collaborative efforts between students, faculty and Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD). Students with accommodations approved through SSD are responsible for contacting the faculty member in charge of the course prior to or during the first week of the term to discuss accommodations. Students who believe they are eligible for accommodations but who have not yet obtained approval through SSD should contact SSD immediately at 737-4098.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

 

Students who successfully complete this course should be able to do the following:

 

  1. Identify the people responsible for crucial advances in telecommunication science, industry, criticism, and research, including Samuel F.B. Morse, David Sarnoff, Edwin Armstrong, Berry Gordy, and Lucille Ball.
  2. Recognize connections between telecommunication developments and other historical events, such as elections, Olympic games, wars, and social movements (e.g., the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s).
  3. Recognize landmarks in content delivered via telecommunication, such as election returns transmitted by telegraph, Welles’ War of the Worlds radio broadcast, the Army/McCarthy hearings on TV, and the Starr Report’s distribution via Internet.
  4. Recognize and explain broad historical trends, such as the decline in newspaper readership, the narrowing of the motion picture audience, the expansion of Internet access, and the move toward cellular phones and away from “land lines.”
  5. Identify transitions in the relationship between government and the telecommunication industry, including Congress’s decision not to develop the telegraph, the recognition of the Bell System telephone monopoly, the creation of the Federal Communications Commission, and the 1996 Telecommunications Act.

 

Calendar of Events

Chapters refer to Sterling et al.

 

Week 1

Sept. 25:          Review Syllabus and assignments

                        Some basic vocabulary

Sept. 27:          Introducing Telecommunications

                        Read: Chapter 1

 

Week 2

Oct. 2:             Telegraphy and Early Telephony

                        Read: Chapter 2

Oct. 4:             Quiz 1

                        Competitive Telephony

                        Read: Chapter 3

 

Week 3

Oct. 9:             Early Radio

Oct. 11:           Telephone Monopoly

                        Read: Chapter 4

 

Week 4

Oct. 16:           Quiz 2

                        Early Computing

Oct. 18:           Convergence

 

Week 5

Oct. 23:           Experiments in Television and The Great Depression

Oct. 25:           Quiz 3

                        Radio at War

 

Week 6

Oct. 30:           Post-War TV

Nov. 1:            Quiz 4

                        Radio Adapts

 

Week 7

Nov. 6:            Telephony Evolves

                        Read: Chapter 5

Nov. 8:            Broadcasting in the 1960s

 

Week 8

Nov. 13:          Quiz 5

                        Computing Evolves

                        Read: Bush, “As We May Think” in The New Media Reader

Nov: 15:          Breaking up Bell

                        Read: Chapters 6 and 7


Week 9

Nov. 20:          Quiz 6

                        Innovations in Telephony

                        Read: Chapter 8

Nov. 22:          Thanksgiving

Week 10

Nov. 27:          Computing Accelerates

                        Read: Turing, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” in The New Media Reader

                        Read: Weizenbaum, “From Computer Power and Human Reason” in The New Media Reader

                        Read: Licklider, “Man-Computer Symbiosis” in The New Media Reader

                        Read: Nelson, “A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate” in The New Media Reader

Nov. 29:          Convergence Today

                        Read: Chapters 9 and 10

 

Final Exam: Monday, December 3, 2 PM