Westmoreland County Iron Furnaces (group Info, Old cut stone iron furnaces)

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Baldwin
California
Conemaugh
Fountain
Hannah Hermitage
Hopewell
Laurel Hill
Lockport
Mt. Hope Mt. Pleasant
Oak Grove
Ramsey
Ross Unity
Valley
Washington
Westmoreland

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WESTMORELAND COUNTY
in Southwestern PENNSYLVANIA has several well preserved furnaces all relatively easy to find. California, Laurel Hill and Ross are visible from the road and in very good condition. Valley, also visible, is a very interesting furnace. Washington is a must see with only a short walk, and Fountain and Baldwin, will take a bit of hiking but are well worth the effort. Of the original 16 Westmoreland furnaces we have found and photographed eleven, and have GPS readings on ten.

California Furnace

Baldwin - Is on Baldwin Creek in State gamelands 42 in St. Clair Township.It was built in 1819 by James Stewart and Henry Baldwin, and it was in blast only a short time(s&t). It was a cold blast charcoalfurnace(jm). It is remarkably well preserved being so close to a road. Being on State Game lands the game wardens keep the brush cut on and around the furnace. It has two openings and three setbacks. A portion of two of the upper walls are beginning to collapse and the top of the stack is missing, but the stack is in otherwise fair condition. Slag abounds. (P)(V)(rp 1978, jm-2003, rp-2004).
To find Baldwin go to New Florence on PA711. East of the borough line, east of town, turn south on SR1003 (Boswell Road) for about 0.64 miles then bear left on T899 (Furnace Lane). Cross the creek and bear right on T962 This road passes by Laurel Hill Furnace at about 0.8 miles from PA711. Continue from Laurel Hill Furnace toward the State Game Lands 42 for about another 0.6 miles to the game lands parking lot. 40º 21.559'N - 79º 03.212'W. Park here. (No cars are allowed in the gamelands). Walk on a dirt road that goes straight ahead from the parking lot. Bear right an up where the road splits right. After the second rise, and about 0.4 miles you will see a sign on the left pointing down to Baldwin Furnace which sits just below the road and to the right about 100 feet. Part of the upper stack is missing, and a portion of two walls are beginning to collapse, but it is in otherwise good condition.
GPS coordinates 40º 21.889'N - 79º 03.055'W. (rp-2004). to top

California - Is on Rolling Rock Run in Ligonier Township. It was built by Col. J. D. Mathiot and Dr. S. P. Cummings in 1853(s&t). A new sign on the furnace says it was built in 1850(rp). Per s&t it was on Furnace Run, which was known in 1853 as California Run(s&t). Newer maps indicate Rolling Rock Run(rp). It was a cold blast charcoal furnace built with relatively obsolete technology for its time(jm). This was the last furnace to be built in the county. The furnace was not successful due to market conditions and, in 1858, was sold to Alexander Cavan who invested a fortune in it but realized very little return(s&t). Boucher's History of Westmoreland County says that, because the furnace was built on the level, a series of ramps were used to take the burden to the top of the furnace. However, a picture of the furnace in the history is actually a picture of Ross Furnace. Since California is by a hill with traces of charcoal and ore still here, the account of the charging ramps is (probably) not true(s&t).
When s&t visited this furnace in the 1960's the furnace was in ruins. A pile about 15 feet high and thirty feet wide. The curve of the inner lining could be seen. A sign at that time said the furnace was built in 1838 but most authorities agree on the 1853 date of construction.When we visited the furnace in 1981 we found an almost perfect outer construction, which differed from the s&t account. The furnace was rebuilt in 1966 by General Richard K. Mellon and Constance Prosser Mellon with George E. Carr III as restoration superintendent. This explains why it is now in excellent condition. The wheel pit and millrace are visible The furnace looks very much like Ross furnace, and is probably of the same design since one of the builders of both furnaces was J. D. Mathiot. (P)(V)(rp-1978, jm-2003,rp,ph-2004).
California can be found by going to Laughlintown on US30 east of Ligonier. In Laughlinton turn south at the hotel (flashing light). Proceed on this road, over the hill (with golf course on right) and downhill, to a right turn (1.2 miles) near Westmoreland Furnace. Procede another 0.3 miles to the foot of the hill to a sharp left turn and cross the creek over a covered bridge. 40º 12.040'N - 79º 12.747'W Continue on this road about 0.7 miles and look to the left and you will see the furnace in a nicely maintained meadow between the creek and hillside.. Cross the footbridge and the furnace is right there.
GPS Coordinates 40º 11.469'N - 79º 12.548'W (P)(V)(rrp 2004) to top
Conemaugh - Is along the Conemaugh River in St. Clair Township. Two different accounts give different dates for the building of this furnace. One account gives 1820 to 1830, and the other says 1847. Both accounts agree that a J. McGill built the plant. One account also gives Gen. Foster White as co-owner(s&t). In 1855 it was owned by Rhey Mathews & Co. and had been in successful operation for at least 3 years(gpr). Very little remains.(P)(V)(is,dd,rp 2005)
To reach the vicinity of Conemaugh go south from the junction of PA711 and PA56 on PA56 in Seward approximately 1.2 miles. Here you will find a wide space at the side of the road where you can park, and a gated path going left down the side of the hill at 40º 24.656'N - 78º 59.836'W. Follow this road down through some mildly heavy brush until just before an open meadow. Turn right and find a path through the woods trending downward and easterly toward the railroad tracks. You will have to reverse directions, from time to time, as the path goes down to avoid a steeper descent. Near the bottom of the hill climb over the mound before the tracks and then up to the tracks. At this point the river bank and hill down to the river will be close to the tracks. Walk in an easterly (to the right) direction along the tracks until the river recedes away and a level area intercedes. This area is the probably location of the old Conemaugh Furnace Station and village. Continuing until the river returns to near the rails is the probably vicinity of the old Conemaugh furnace site. At the tracks this would be
GPS coordinate 40º 24.654'N - 78º 59.377'W
Go down the slope and look for the ruins. Per s&t "Only a small retaining wall, a pile of stones, and some old foundations remained in the 1960's. Some round depressions in the ground may have been beehive oven sites. Between here and the river are large quantities of slag" (s&t). When we visited this site in 2005 we found slag, a few loose furnace stones and some inner lining stone, but were not sure of the exact furnace location (P)(V)(is,dd,rp-2005).
Prior to picking this route we had found copy of an old 1867 map of St. Clair Township which has a location entitled "Conemaugh Furnace Station" and the indications of a small community. This would probably have been the furnace community and near the furnace remains. We plotted the probable location of this community on the Pendot County map and found it to be north of the railroad tracks at about 40º 24.621'N - 78º 59.344'W. Again, plotting a possible furnace location on the USGS topo map of Vintondale Quad, we suggest a possible location of the remains to be between 40º 24.530'N - 78º 59.230'W, and 40º 24.497'N - 78º 59.145'W. These locations are very close to the location we visited in 2005, and nearly match the description given by s&t above for the river and tracks.
Assistance in verifying this location would be appreciated. to top
Fountain - Is located along Camp Run in Donegal Township. It was constructed before 1812 by J. Mayberry and Company. Nothing is known of its operation(s&t). J. Markiel suggests this charcoal furnace utilized no blast mechanism(jm). The stack was 32' high and 30' square at the base. It had two setbacks(s&t). The top of the furnace is gone, portions of two sides are still standing and a triangular opening is visible. (P)(V)(jm,rp-2003).
To find Fountain take PA31 to PA381 to the north, just east of Jones Mill. N40º 05.274' W079º 20.195' Go north on PA381 0.7 mile to a gravel road to the right. N40º 05.746' W079º 19.683' Turn right on this rough road and continue east 0.38 miles to a gravel road to the left. N40º 05.557' W079º 19.360' Go left (north-east) on this road about 0.3 miles until you see another gravel road coming in from the left. Park off the road at this point. Continue walking from here as the road climbs a low hill toward a gated no trespassing sign. This is about 400-500 feet beyond the parking spot. N40º 05.666' W079º 19.002'
It would have be well to seek permission to enter at this time, but not knowing the whereabouts of the owner we proceeded along this road, to an open field with a house on the far right corner. Here we entered the woods to the left and proceeded to walk parallel to the road fording several small streams until we approached Camp Run. Walking upstream along Camp Run we came upon Fountain Furnace to the right against the hillside. It was just below another house on top of the hill. (This would have been the second house along the road we were walking). John Markiel also visited this furnace continuing along thr road past the gated no trespassing road to the second cabin on the left. The furnace was below the hillside at this point.
GPS Location N40º 05.747' W079º 18.732 (rp-2003)
We returned below the houses in the wooded area before working our way generally leftward to the road and down past the gate to the parking spot. Total walking distance about ½ mile each way. to top
Hannah (aka Unity) - Is along Tubmill Creek in Fairfield Township. It was erected prior to 1810 by John Beninger, who also built a small forge on the same creek near the present town of Bolivar(s&t). Another account states this cold blast charcoal furnace was built by Lloyd, Steel & Company in 1830 and named after Lloyd's daughter Hannah, and operated until 1850(jm). We visited the site in 1978 and again in 2004 and found remains of the base of the furnace and part of the wheel pit. Just loose stones scattered about. (P)(V)(rp 1978, jm-2003, rp-2004)
To finf the remains of Hannah take PA711 to West Fairfield. Turn southeast onto Ross Mountain Road. Continue 3.2 miles to the junction with SR1007, Ross Mountain Park Road. Turn left on Ross Mountain Park Road to the far end of the golf course, past Ross Furnace on the left. Continue on SR1007 Ross Mountain Park Road 1.1 miles past Ross Furnace to a lane on the left leading to a white house visible on a hill on the left side of this lane about 100 yards from SR1007. Follow the lane over the creek to this house. Ask permission at the house to visit the furnace site. Return down this lane to the creek and the furnace ruins will be on your right (south) just a few feet from the lane and next to the creek and just below the house. Only a few loose stones are scattered about. This was the exact same spot we found in 1978.
GPS coordinates 40º 20.436'N - 79º 05.367'W. (rp-2004)
Note: When we visited this furnace in 1978 we were following the directions given in the original Sharp and Thomas account which was published in "The Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine, Vol. 48, No. 4, page 378", which are different from the s&t book published in 1966. However, we did arrive at the same ruins we found with the corrected directions in 2004. The newer way was much superior. to top
Hermitage - was on Mill Creek in Ligonier Township. It was built by Gen. Arthur St. Clair in 1803 and named for his home a few hundred yards to the east. St. Clair lost the furnace along with all his other possessions by a default on a bond to Gen. James O'Hara. The furnace was reactivated in 1816. J. H. Hopkins, later Bishop of Vermont and President Bishop of the Episcopal Church in America, was clerk and manager(s&t).
Dr. Martha Corrine Love of Greensburg, who lived in the old St. Clair home and played around the old stack when she was a little girl, told s&t that the furnace stood about halfway between the red house at the creek and the concrete block garage against the hillside, as was usual in those days. Two ramps leading to the bench are still to be seen(s&t).
A. L. Keltz who lives in the house at this location says he remembers that as a young boy he rode past the spot on occasion and remembers seeing the old stack along the hillside just east of the creek(s&t).
We did not visit this site, which can be reached by going 1.1 miles northeast from the square in Ligonier on PA711. Stop at the bridge over Mill Creek. At the east end of the bridge there was an old house. Back of the house and at the foot of the hill are depressions that may have been the wheel pit and millrace(s&t).
Approximate coordinates 40º 15.11'N - 79º 13.25'W.. to top
Laurel Hill - This well preserved cold blast charcoal furnace, the best in Westmoreland County, is on Baldwin Creek in St. Clair Township .It was built in 1845 and 1846 by Hezekiah Reed, Gallagher and Hale. It was later owned by Judge J. T. Hall of Centre County. Not much is known about this furnace. One account says it went out of blast in 1855 and another says it was in blast in 1860(s&t). The site was acquired by the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy in 1973 and was donated to the Ligonier Valley Historical Society in 1991(lvh). The furnace has four arches compared with the usual two or three. It is fastened together with four tie rods in each direction. The owners have kept the brush cut so the stones have not been pushed apart by roots. Because of lack of fall in the creek at this point, a wheel pit 35 feet deep was dug and lined with cut stone. From the bottom of the pit a 4' diameter tunnel, also lined with cut stone, goes downstream a quarter of a mile where it emerges by the stream(s&t). (P)(V)(rp 1978, jm-2003, rp-2004).
At the eastern edge of town turn south on SR1003 Boswell Road (per Penndot), or Sugar Run Road (current marking) for about 0.64 miles then bear left on T899 (Furnace Lane). Cross the creek and bear right on T962 about 200 feet to the furnace on the left side of the road next to the hill.(Total distance from PA711 is about 0.8 miles). It is the best maintained furnace in the county (other than maybe the California rebuild), with four arches. The stack is only a few yards from the road.
GPS coordinates 40º 22.018'N - 79º 03.559'W.(rp-2004) to top
Lockport - was on the Conemaugh River in Fairfield Township in the village of Lockport. It was erected in 1844 by Thomas and William McKennon. It was not successful and went out of blast in 1846(s&t). The furnace still existed in 1855, and was indicated to be one of the late Dr. Shoenburger's furnaces(gpr). Nothing remains at this furnace site.
To locate the site follow PA711 to West Fairfield. A little more than 1/2 mile north of the center of town, turn west on SR1006 (Creek Road). Follow this road about 1-1/2 miles to a crossroad. Bear right on SR1011 Midget Camp Road, (a dirt road per s&t). Follow this road about 1-3/4 miles to the bottom of the hill and the village of Lockport. When the road makes a 90º right turn and you can see an old store building on the left side of the road after the right turn. Go about 100 feet and park. Straight ahead you will see an old church. The furnace stood on the low land below the land and just before reaching the church.
Coordinates 40º 23.5'N - 79º 7.16'W. to top
Mt. Hope (aka Hopewell) - is on Roaring Run in Donegal Township. It was built in 1810 by Trevor and McClurg. As early as 1835 the furnace was said to have used coke made from local coal either to replace or to augment the use of charcoal(s&t). All that now remains of this furnace is a small pile of stones and rubble about 10 feet high, a large slag pile nearby, and a visible millrace. (P)(V)(rp 1978-2005).
To reach Mt. Hope follow PA31 to Jones Mills. Take PA381 south about one mile to Champion, at the Fayette County line. Turn (left) east on SR1058 County Line Road (Pennzoil Station and Star Market). Go across the bridge for about 650 feet to T301, Roaring Run Road, to the left. You will see signs to the Roaring Run Resort. Go (left) north then east one mile on Roaring Run Road. It then veers right and crosses a small bridge to the Roaring Run Resort on the left. Park before the guard house at the resort. Seek permission to look for the furnace remains. To the right of the guard house and in toward the resort a few yards walk into the woods, across a flat area toward the creek. Near the creek you will notice a low trench, the remains of the old mill race. Walk to the left along this race and you will come upon a small pile of stones and rubble to your left toward the hill side. This is all that remains of Mt. Hope furnace. The creek and surrounding area contain much slag.
GPS coordinates 40º 04.079'N - 79º 20.679'W. (rp-2005) to top
Mt. Pleasant - was along Jacobs Creek near Freeman Falls in Pleasant Township. It was built about 1810 by Alexander McClurg. It was blown out about 1820 while under the supervision of a Mr. Freeman for whom the nearby falls in Jacobs Creek was named. The furnace and its site are no longer in existence. The furnace stood on the southeast bank of the creek about 400 feet west of Freemans Falls. The Pennylvania Turnpike passes directly over this spot. Slag can be found along the creek below the turnpike, but nothing else remains of the furnace(s&t).
To reach the area at Mt. Pleasant go to Donegal and then proceed west on PA31 about 1-1/4 miles. Turn north on Clay Pike Road (SR2025) 2-1/2 miles, passing Austin Blvd (SR2004 which goes right) to Acme Dam Road (T832). Turn left on T832. Just before reaching the bridge over the turnpike turn off to the right and park. Freemans Falls is there and a few feet below the falls the creek goes under the turnpike. The furnace site is under the turnpike. An old mill with an enormous water wheel near the falls is of interest.
Approximate coordinates 40º 8.77'N - 79º 25.47'W. to top
Oak Grove - was on Mill Creek in Ligonier Township. This cold blast charcoal furnace was built in 1854 by J. Clifford about 1/2 mile above the junction with Hanna's Run. It was in blast a little over 3 years going out of blast in 1858. A barn foundation sits on the furnace site(s&t).
From Ligonier go east about 2.4 miles to the village of Oak Grove. Turn left on SR1017 (Wilpen Road) and cross the bridge over Mill Creek. (About 200 feet). Turn right at the end of the bridge and walk along the creek bank for 100 to 150 yards to the base of the hill. Per s&t, at the hill turn left to an old barn foundation, about halfway from the creek to the farmhouse. The barn foundation was on the site of the furnace. Slag is in the field and along the creek. Approximate Coordinates 40º 15.69'N - 79º 12.05'W. (jm-2002). to top
Ramsey - Was a steam powered furnace above the Kiskiminetas River in Washington Township. It was built in 1847 by Frederick Overman and Dr. J. P. Speer of Pittsburgh. The "Iron Manufacturer's Guide (1859)" says that this was a cold blast charcoal furnace. The ruins of the stack are on the side of a hill far above the river, so we may assume that it was steam powered, and this assumption combined with the date of construction leads us to believe that this was a hot blast furnace(s&t). All of the slag appears to be coke slag showing that at least in its later years it used coke instead of charcoal.(s&t/rp). (V)(P)(rp-2003).
To reach Ramsey- From the junction of US22 and PA66 south of Delmont N40º 23.857' W079º 34.286' (dl) Go east on US22 2.6 miles to junction with PA819. N40º 24.082' W079º 31.473' (dl) Turn left (north) on PA819 through Slickville and Perryville. About one mile beyond Perryville PA819 makes an abrupt left bend N40º 31.168' W079º 30.577' . Do not turn but go straight ahead on SR981. After 0.4 miles turn left onto Main Street toward Salina. N40º 31.168' W079º 30.150' Continue into Salina to where the road veers right away from the railroad. N40º 31.168' W079º 30.577' (topo)N40º 31.471' W079º 29.426'(gps) Park here and walk the railroad right of way to the east until you come to an abandoned tunnel on the right. About 200 yards beyond the tunnel entrance you will note a faint gradual upgrade splitting off to the right. This was a former railroad spur that went up the hill. Follow this until you come upon some slag piles from the old furnace. Look above these piles and you will see a level bench, actually a newer path probably put there to aide construction of homes on the upper side of the hill. Walk further until you can climb easily to the newer path and return back along it until you are just above the slag piles. You can see traces of furnace stones and rubble along this path and above it. This is all that remains of Ramsey Furnace.
Approximate GPS Location N40º 31.926' W079º 28.978' (rp-2003) to top
Ross - This well preserved furnace is along Tubmill Creek in Fairfield Township. It was built in 1814 or 1815 by James Paull, J. D. Mathiot, and Isaac Meason. This furnace was blown out in 1842(jm) but was reported to be in blast in 1850(s&t). The furnace sets near a green on the Ross Mountain Golf Course and is well taken care of. The outer walls are in perfect condition, but the upper part of the inner stack has been rebuilt and does not have the smooth appearance that the lower part has(s&t). It is easily seen from the road and is on a golf course. (P)(V)(rp 1978, jm-2003, rp-2004).This well preserved furnace is easily seen from the road and the golf course. Take PA711 to West Fairfield. Turn southeast onto Ross Mountain Road. Continue 3.2 miles to the junction with SR1007, Ross Mountain Park Road. Turn left on Ross Mountain Park Road to near the far end of the golf course. Turn left onto Lower Club Road. The furnace is to the right about 100 yards next to a green. You can also continue on Ross Mountain Park Road to the end of the golf course and see the furnace by looking left. "The outer walls are in perfect condition, but the upper part of the inner stack has been rebuilt and is not smooth"(s&t).
GPS coordinates 40º 19.550N - 79º 05.405'W. (rp-2004) to top
Valley (aka Hillsview) - Is on a branch off Mill Creek in Ligonier Township. It was built in 1850 by L. C. Hall and Company. It was a very large furnace being 36' square at the base with a 10' bosh. Coke was burned in piles near the furnace and was used instead of charcoal(s&t). The furnace has a large hole or opening in the upper back side, most probably, to vent the excess flame and heat to boilers for steam power, as this furnace was a hot blast coke furnace not near a stream(rp). The furnace stands in plain view about 60 feet from the road and has a few of the upper rows of stones missing but is in otherwise good condition. However, trees and brush, growing out of the upper stack, will probably deteriorate the stack if not removed.(rp). (P)(V)(rp-1978, jm-2003, rp,ph-2004).
Go north from Ligonier on PA711 approximately 5 miles to Hillview. Turn right on SR1009 Owl Hollow Road (Sandy Hill Road per county map) 40º 16.715'N - 79º 10.385'W. Go 0.2 mile and you will see the furnace to the right in an open field about 40 feet from the road.
GPS Coordinates 40º 16.577'N - 79º 10.222'W (P)(V)(rrp 2004)
It is in good condition, constructed of uncut stone 36 feet square at the base, with four arches, and a 10 foot diameter bosh. It is one of the largest of the stone furnaces. to top
Washington - Is on Furnace Run in Ligonier Township. Per s&t Johnson, McClurg and Company built this cold blast charcoal furnace in 1809, however an article in an 1812 newspaper indicates that construction started in 1811 and was completed about July 4, 1812(gir). It was abandoned in 1826. In 1848 it was rebuilt by John Bell and Company and was operated until 1854(s&t). The interior, of fire brick, including the cupola(jm), is intact but the outer walls have fallen. Near the furnace there was a large salamander taken from the furnace. It is probable that it was removed when the furnace was remodeled in 1848(s&t). (P)(V)(rp-1978, jm-2003, rp 2005).
To find Washington go 1 mile east of Laughlintown on US30. Turn left through stone pillars onto Furnace Run Lane just east of Washington Furnace Inn. Go down this private road to 137 Furnace Run Lane which is a house with two more stone pillars at its entrance. Contact the owner at 724-238-5830 to seek permission to proceed. The house is beside Furnace Run and a small walking bridge crosses the creek to the right at this point. Cross the bridge and walk along a path with high rock cliffs to the right and the stream to the left for about 300 feet.. You will see the furnace remains just to your left.
GPS coordinates 40º 12.420'N - 79º 10.513'W.(rp-2005) to top
Westmoreland - Is on Rolling Rock Run in Ligonier Township. Per s&t it was on Furnace Run which was known in 1853 as California Run(s&t). Newer maps indicate Rolling Rock Run(rp). This was the first furnace built in Westmoreland County. Christopher Lobinger and Brothers built it in 1794. In 1795 Geirge Anshutz, who had built and operated the Shadyside Furnace in Pittsburgh, was the manager. John Probst bought the plant in 1798. Stoves and castings were made there. The furnace was blown out for good before 1810. The outer stones were removed and used to build the water tower at the Rolling Rock Country Club(s&t). It is now a pile of stone and rubble, overgrown with trees and brush. (P)(V)(rp 1978-rp,ph 2004, rp-2005).
To locate Westmoreland Furnace remains turn south from US30 at the hotel in Laughlintown (at flashing light) 40º 12.714'N - 79º 111.925'W. Go straight ahead on this road up over the hill (with golf course on right) and down about 1.2 miles to where the road turns right. When the road turns right you will see a gated road straight ahead. Park here. 40º 11.912'N - 79º 12.507'W. Cross an open meadow toward the lower right corner of the meadow and to the woods. Go into the woods at this point and you will find the ruins of the furnace. Only a pile of stones and rubble about 5 feet high remain. Closer to the creek you will find a mill pond and mill race.
GPS Coordinates at woods edge 40º 11.921N - 79º 12.606'W (P)(V)(ph 2004).
If you continue on past this furnace and turn across the covered bridge you will come to the reconstructed California Furnace. to top

Westmoreland Special Sources:
Boucher's History of Westmoreland County(bhw)
Guide for the Pennsylvania Railroad(gpr), Philadelphia - T.K. & P.G. Collins,printers - 1855
Ligonier Valley Historical Society, 412-238-6818.(lvh)
Greensburg & Indiana Register, July 16, 1812.(gir)

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